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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">business</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Путеводитель предпринимателя</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Entrepreneur’s Guide</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-9885</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-136X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>JSC “Publishing Agency “Science and Education”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24182/2073-9885-2021-14-4-102-118</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">business-1583</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВА И ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY INTERACTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экономическое положение Ирака. Есть ли выход в условиях современного кризиса?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The economic situation in Iraq. Is there a way out in the current crisis?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабенкова</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babenkova</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат экономических наук, Старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Senior scientific officer</p><p>Moscow,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sbabenkova@ivran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабенкова С.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабенкова С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babenkova S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pp-mag.ru/jour/article/view/1583">https://www.pp-mag.ru/jour/article/view/1583</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время экономика Ирака в очередной раз подвергается испытаниям, связанным с увеличением безработицы, падением уровня жизни населения, особенно в центральном и южном Ираке, а также практически полной зависимостью бюджетных доходов от колеблющихся цен на нефть. Эта нефтяная зависимость привела к тому, что другие важные сектора экономики страны, такие как сельское хозяйство и промышленность, находятся практически в рухнувшем состоянии. Конечно, настоящий политический кризис в Ираке 1  целесообразно рассматривать сквозь экономические показатели, учитывая отсутствие у страны диверсифицированной экономики. Доходы, полученные от продажи нефти, не вкладываются в развитие необходимых отраслей экономки или в инновации, а распределяются по статьям внутригосударственных расходов, в том числе на содержание многочисленного чиновничьего аппарата. При возникновении дефицита доходов, в случае неблагоприятной ценовой политики на рынке, правительство прибегает к внутренним и внешним заимствованиям. Эти шаги побуждают государство полностью прекратить восстановление того, что было разрушено в ходе предыдущих войн или начать развитие иных секторов экономики.На фоне всей политической и экономической ситуации финансовый сектор страны также переживает не лучшие времена. Основные продукты и услуги банков сосредоточены на зарплатных проектах, также они занимаются валютными спекуляциями на торгах, устраиваемых Центральным банком Ирака. Это также негативно влияет на инвестиционную привлекательность страны, так как получение «легких и быстрых денег» финансовым институтом практически исключает необходимость инвестирования им в реальный сектор экономики, принцип которого лежит в основе, в том числе, и исламских финансовых институтов. В целом экономическую картину Ирака можно описать следующими формулировками. Страна обладает четвертыми в мире доказанными запасами сырой нефти, являлась второй по величине производитель ОПЕК и четвертый по величине производитель в мире. В стране работают международные финансовые организации, осуществляющие международную финансовую поддержку (МВФ, Всемирный банк), в том числе и двусторонние займы. Отрицательных моментов больше, к ним можно отнести и большую и практически повсеместную коррупцию, прямую зависимость государственных доходов от экспорта нефти, практически полное отсутствие в структуре экономических отраслей ненефтянных секторов (особенно частного сектора), слабый и ограниченный банковский сектор.Конечно, существует определённая надежда, что проект экономических реформ (White Paper for Economic Reforms) 2, представленный правительством Мустафы Аль–Кадими (Mustafa al–Kadhimi), в котором определены основные необходимые реформы для восстановления иракской экономики, мог стать определённой реперной точкой для перелома нынешней экономической ситуации и начала необходимых реформ. Но в преддверии выборов политические силы сочли в своих интересах противодействовать любым реформам. В этой связи Ирак фактически потерял возможность провести полноценные реформы, однако, по нашему мнению, слабая надежда на восстановление еще существует.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At present, the Iraqi economy is once again undergoing trials associated with an increase in unemployment, a drop in the standard of living of the population, especially in central and southern Iraq, as well as the almost complete dependence of budgetary revenues on fluctuating oil prices. This dependence on oil has left other important sectors of the country’s economy, such as agriculture and industry, in near collapse. Of course, the real political crisis in Iraq 3 should be viewed through economic indicators, given the country’s lack of a diversified economy. The revenues received from the sale of oil are not invested in the development of the necessary sectors of the economy or in innovations, but are distributed according to articles of domestic expenditures, including the maintenance of a large bureaucratic apparatus. When there is a shortage of income, in the event of an unfavorable price policy in the market, the government resorts to domestic and foreign borrowing. These steps induce the state to completely stop rebuilding what was destroyed during previous wars or to start developing other sectors of the economy.Against the background of the entire political and economic situation, the country’s financial sector is also going through hard times. The main products and services of the banks are focused on payroll projects, and they are also engaged in currency speculation in the auctions arranged by the Central Bank of Iraq. It also negatively affects the investment attractiveness of the country, since the receipt of «easy and fast money» by a financial institution practically eliminates the need for it to invest in the real sector of the economy, the principle of which is the basis, including Islamic financial institutions.In general, the economic picture of Iraq can be described in the following formulations. The country has the fourth proven crude oil reserves in the world, was the second largest producer of OPEC and the fourth largest producer in the world. The country has international financial organizations that provide international financial support (IMF, World Bank), including bilateral loans. There are more negative aspects, including large and almost widespread corruption, direct dependence of government revenues on oil exports, almost complete absence of non'oil sectors in the structure of economic sectors (especially the private sector), and a weak and limited banking sector. Of course, there is some hope that the White Paper for Economic Reforms 4 presented by the government of Mustafa al'Kadhimi, which identifies the main necessary reforms to restore the Iraqi economy, could become a certain benchmark for turning the current economic situation and the beginning of the necessary reforms. But on the eve of the elections, the political forces considered it in their own interests to oppose any reforms. In this regard, Iraq actually lost the opportunity to carry out full'fledged reforms, however, in our opinion, there is still little hope for recovery.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ирак</kwd><kwd>реформы</kwd><kwd>экономика</kwd><kwd>финансовый сектор</kwd><kwd>неформальная экономика</kwd><kwd>исламский банкинг</kwd><kwd>инновации.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iraq</kwd><kwd>reforms</kwd><kwd>economy</kwd><kwd>financial sector</kwd><kwd>informal economy</kwd><kwd>Islamic banking</kwd><kwd>innovations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мамедов Р.Ш., Сапронова М.А. Особенности политического развития Ирака в 2003–2020 годах: формирование новой элиты. 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